Types of networks and Protocol

Types of networks

a. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A MAN, usually covering a larger area than a LAN, for example between regions within a province. In this case, a network linking several small networks into a larger area of the environment, for example as follows: Bank network in which several branches of a bank in a big city are connected to each other.

b. Wide Area Network (WAN) area networks Large Scale

Wide Area Networks (WAN) is a network of scope usually has the means of satellite or submarine cable network as an example of the overall Bank  is in Malaysia or in other countries. Using the WAN infrastructure, a bank that is in the Philippines can contact any branch office in Hong Kong, just a few minutes. WAN is usually quite complicated and very complex, using many means to connect between the LAN and WAN in Global Communications as the Internet. But somehow between LAN, MAN and WAN is not much different in some respects, the scope of the site area is just a different one among others.



Protocol

Protocol is the main rules governing the communication between multiple computers on a network, the rules include guidelines that apply to the means or method of accessing a network, physical topology, cable type, type and speed of data transfer. Protocols supported are as follows:

1. Ethernet
2. Local Talk
3. Token Ring
4. FDDI
5. ATM


1.Ethernet

Ethernet protocol is the most widely used, the Ethernet access method called CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection)

- This system explains that paying attention to every computer in the network cable before sending anything to it. If there is no activity in the network or the computer will transmit the data clean, if there is another transmission in the cable, the computer will wait and retry transmission if the network has been cleared.

Sometimes the two computers to transmit on the same time, when this happens, each computer will be back and will wait for random chance to transmit the data back. This method is known to the coalition, and will not affect the transmission speed of the network. Ethernet protocols can be used for straight line on the network model, Star, or Tree. Data can be transmitted through the twisted pair cable, coaxial, or fiber optic cable at a speed of 10 Mbps.

2.LocalTalk

LocalTalk is a network protocol developed by Apple Computer, Inc.. for Macintosh machines. The method used by LocalTalk is CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision avoidance)

- Similar to CSMA / CD .. LocalTalk adapters and special twisted pair cable used to connect multiple computers through a serial port. Macintosh Operating System is a network connection enables peer-to-peer without requiring an additional application specific protocol LocalTalk network can be used to model Straight Line, Star, or a tree model using twisted pair cable. The most glaring deficiency is the speed of transmission. Transmission speed is 230 Kbps.

3.Token Ring

Token Protocol, developed by IBM in mid-1980. The method of access through the latest of a token in a circle like the ring. In token ring, computers are connected to each other like a ring. A token moves signal rotates in a circle (ring) in a network and move from a computer, go to the next computer, if at a stopover in one of the computer was no data to be transmitted, the token will transport it to where it wanted addressed data, move on to another token of their respective computer.

Token Ring protocol requires a star network model using twisted pair cable or fiber optic cable. And to make the transmission speed 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps. Along with the development of Ethernet, Token Ring using increasingly reduced to the present.

4.FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)

(FDDI) is a network protocol that connects two or more networks even in the distance. The method used by FDDI is a token model. FDDI uses two physical ring topology. Transmission process usually uses one ring, but if any problems found will automatically use the second ring. An advantage of FDDI is speed using fiber optic cable at a speed of 100 Mbps.

5.ATM (ATM stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

(ATM) is a network protocol that transmits at a speed of 155 Mbps or more. ATM transmits data into a package the other protocol in which the transfer of large packets small. ATM supports various media such as video, CD-audio, and pictures. ATM working on Star topology model, using fiber optic cable or twisted pair cable. ATM is generally used to connect two or more LANs. He is also widely used
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to increase the speed of Internet access for their clients.